Development of Emergency Preparedness Work in Schools- Challenges and Possibilities

"Ongoing life-threatening violence" (Norwegian abbreviation: PLIVO), in schools, refers to low-probability yet potentially high- consequence events. In 2016, the Norwegian Police Directorate and Directorate of Education issued national guidelines on emergency preparedness. However, these guidelines provide limited direction regarding the active involvement of teachers and students. This study responds to the need to explore how broader participation in preparedness work can be achieved and sustained within schools. As previous research has largely relied on cross-sectional surveys, there is also a need to examine developments over time. Accordingly, this study adopts an action research design in collaboration with two schools with experience in preparedness planning and training. In addition, evaluation reports and interviews with key informants are analysed to investigate how students can assume greater ownership of preparedness initiatives. The findings suggest that a shared understanding of and ownership of preparedness plans enhance schools' capacity to respond effectively to critical incidents. Strong leadership commitment and the institutional anchoring of preparedness work are essential. Furthermore, such efforts contribute to the development of students' life skills, a core objective of the Norwegian national curriculum. Finally, a positive and inclusive school environment emerges as a key factor in supporting effective preparedness practices.

Keywords: Preparedness, Schools, Safety Management, Involvement of Employees and Pupils.