Mapping structural deformation on Bridges using InSAR data and Digital Twin for Disaster Risk Management in the future: A review

Structural deformation monitoring is critical for sustainable infrastructure management and disaster risk reduction, particularly in rapidly urbanizing or geologically sensitive regions with important bridges. The integration of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Digital Twin (DT) technology enables millimeter-accurate mapping of bridge deformations, as demonstrated in recent literature. By merging satellite-derived point clouds with Bridge Information Modelling (BrIM) among dimensionality reduction techniques, this approach facilitates 3D visualization of deformation patterns linked to specific structural components. This supports early detection of anomalous movements from subsidence, mining, or tectonic stresses, enabling proactive risk management through prioritized maintenance, spatial planning, and early-warning systems. This review identifies a proposed framework to integrate these technologies and shows the key challenges, including data latency, atmospheric interference, computational demands, and digitization gaps, to inform scalable frameworks for long-term bridge safety monitoring under a growing risk environment.

Keywords: Interferometry Satellite Aperture Radar, Digital Twin, bridge deformation, disaster risk management, Bridge Information Modelling, Persistent Scatterer.